Platelet antibodies detection: A limitation for Indian population

Younis Abed EL-Wahhab Skaik

doi:10.4103/0973-6247.106766

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LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Year : 2013 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Page : 93-94

Platelet antibodies detection: A limitation for Indian population

Younis Abed EL-Wahhab Skaik
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Researcher in Immunohaematology, AL-Azhar University-Gaza Gaza, Palestine

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Date of Web Publication

2-Feb-2013

How to cite this article:
Skaik YA. Platelet antibodies detection: A limitation for Indian population. Asian J Transfus Sci 2013;7:93-4

How to cite this URL:
Skaik YA. Platelet antibodies detection: A limitation for Indian population. Asian J Transfus Sci [serial online] 2013 [cited 2022 May 24];7:93-4. Available from: https://www.ajts.org/text.asp?2013/7/1/93/106766

Sir,

The blood group system H is determined by α-(1, 2) - fucosyltransferase genes FUT1 and FUT2 ^[1],[2],[3] and it is widely expressed on the human tissues and cells. The H antigen is the precursor of the A and B blood group antigens. Despite the Bombay blood group ^[4] is characterized by devoid of the A, B and H antigens on the red blood cells (RBCs) and IgM anti-H; however, the presence of a strong IgG anti-H antibody ^[5] is also well documented. The frequency of the Bombay phenotype is about 1 in 10,000 individuals in India; and 1 in 1,000,000 individuals in Europe. ^[6] In 1954, Moreaux and Andre ^[7] provided the first evidence of the ABH antigens expression on the platelets. Later in 1991, Santoso and his associates ^[8] localized the ABH antigens, which non-covalently bound to the glycoproteins (GP) Ib, IIb and IIIa. All platelet antibodies detection techniques available hitherto including the two cornerstones monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) and platelet immunoflourescence test (PIFT) use group O platelet panel. In other words and according to Santoso el al findings, ^[8] the O platelets have H antigen, which should be also expressed on the GP IIb/IIIa. To avoid the false positive reaction by IgG anti-H using O platelets, I would like to suggest few solutions in such cases:

Care should be taken in case of blood grouping of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia patients and attention also to ethnic origin should be kept in mind.
Adsorption of anti-H antibodies to O RBCs.
Using of soluble peptides β3 ^[9] and soluble GP IIb/IIIa. ^[10]

References

1.	Larsen RD, Ernst LK, Nair RP, Lowe JB. Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose: Beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:6674-8. [PUBMED]
2.	Rouquier S, Lowe JB, Kelly RJ, Fertitta AL, Lennon GG, Giorgi D. Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments. Isolation of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group locus. J Biol Chem 1995;270:4632-9. [PUBMED]
3.	Kelly RJ, Ernst LK, Larsen RD, Bryant JG, Robinson JS, Lowe JB. Molecular basis for H blood group deficiency in Bombay (Oh) and Para-Bombay individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994;91:5843-7. [PUBMED]
4.	Bhende YM, Deshpande CK, Bhatia HM, Sanger R, Race RR, Morgan WT, et al. A "new" blood group character related to the ABO system. Lancet 1952;1 : 903-4. [PUBMED]
5.	Roback JD. AABB Technical Manual. 16 ^th ed. Bethesda: AABB: 2008. p. 304.
6.	Oriol R, Candelier JJ, Mollicone R. Molecular genetics of H. Vox Sang 2000;78:105-8. [PUBMED]
7.	Moreaux P, Andre A. Blood groups of human platelets. Nature 1954;174:88.
8.	Santoso S, Kiefel V, Muller-Eckhardt C. Blood group A and B detrmiants are expressed on platelet glycoproteins IIa, IIIa, and Ib. Thromb Haemost 1991;65:196-201.
9.	Stafford P, Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Proulx C, Smith G, Williamson L, et al. Immunological and structural analysis of eight novel domain-deletion b3 integrin peptides designed for detection of HPA-1 antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:366-75.
10.	Peterson J, Newman PJ, Visentin GP, Aster RH. A recombinant soluble form of the integrin GPIIb/IIIa spontaneously assumes an active, ligand-biding conformation and is recognized by GPIIb/IIIa specific monoclonal, allo-, auto- and drug dependent platelet antibodies. Blood 1998;92:2053-63.